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@ -1096,7 +1096,7 @@ colonial outlooks.
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# Bibliography
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Abd el-Gawad, Heba and Alice Stevenson.
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Abd el-Gawad, Heba, and Alice Stevenson.
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"Egypt's Dispersed Heritage: Multi-directional Storytelling through
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Comic Art." *Journal of Social Archaeology* 21, no. 1 (2021): pp.
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121--145. https://doi.org/10.1177/146960532199292
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@ -1119,7 +1119,7 @@ Michigan, 2010.
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Henry Breasted's Ancient Times, a History of the Early World." *Journal
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of Egyptian History* 5 (2012): pp. 12--33.
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Ashby, Solange and Talawa Adodo. "Nubia as
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Ashby, Solange, and Talawa Adodo. "Nubia as
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a Place of Refuge: Nile Valley Resistance against Foreign Invasion." In
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*New Perspectives on Ancient Nubia*, edited by Solange Ashby and Aaron
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Brody. Piscataway, NJ: Gorgias, forthcoming.
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@ -1411,7 +1411,7 @@ genomes suggest an increase of Sub-Saharan African ancestry in
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post-Roman periods." *Nature Communications* 8, 15694 (May 2017).
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https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms15694.
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Scott, Emmett Jay and Lyman Beecher Stowe.
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Scott, Emmett Jay, and Lyman Beecher Stowe.
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*Booker T. Washington: Builder of a Civilization*. Garden City, NY:
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Doubleday, Page and Company, 1916.
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@ -1651,8 +1651,8 @@ https://news.uchicago.edu/story/100-years-ago-georgiana-simpson-made-history-fir
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"Indigenous Egyptology") and Quirke (e.g., "Exclusion
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of Egyptians"), as well as many others, for example,
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Riggs, "Colonial Visions;" Doyon, "On
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Archaeological Labor;" Langer, "Informal Colonialism;"
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Minor, "Decolonizing Reisner;" Lemos,
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Archaeological Labor"; Langer, "Informal Colonialism";
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Minor, "Decolonizing Reisner"; Lemos,
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"Can We Decolonize." Note too the statement by Tuck
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and Yang ("Decolonization," pp. 1): "Decolonization
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brings about the repatriation of Indigenous land and life; it is not
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@ -1680,7 +1680,7 @@ https://news.uchicago.edu/story/100-years-ago-georgiana-simpson-made-history-fir
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[^48]: Breasted, "Recovery and Decipherment," p. 376.
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[^49]: Ambridge described his conclusions as "deeply ethnocentric at
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best;" Ambridge, "Imperialism and Racial Geography,"
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best"; Ambridge, "Imperialism and Racial Geography,"
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p. 13.
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[^50]: The story of the original series of events and the inquiry is
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@ -1713,8 +1713,8 @@ https://news.uchicago.edu/story/100-years-ago-georgiana-simpson-made-history-fir
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of World Egyptology*.
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[^59]: Beatty and Davies, "African
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Americans;" Davies, "Egypt and Egyptology;"
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Davies, "Pauline Hopkins' Literary Egyptology;"
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Americans"; Davies, "Egypt and Egyptology";
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Davies, "Pauline Hopkins' Literary Egyptology";
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Davies, "W. E. B. Du Bois."
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[^60]: On the formation of the question of the racial identity of
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@ -1755,7 +1755,7 @@ https://news.uchicago.edu/story/100-years-ago-georgiana-simpson-made-history-fir
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the "Semitic race", as if race were linked to language family;
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Breasted, *Ancient Times*, 2nd ed, pp. 131 note, 160.
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For more on this issue, see Ambridge, "Imperialism and
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Racial Geography;" Ambridge, *History and Narrative*.
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Racial Geography"; Ambridge, *History and Narrative*.
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[^67]: Williams, *Rethinking Race*, pp. 7--8.
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@ -1764,7 +1764,7 @@ https://news.uchicago.edu/story/100-years-ago-georgiana-simpson-made-history-fir
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[^69]: Keita, "Studies and Comments," p. 130.
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[^70]: Keita, "Ancient Egyptian 'Origins' and 'Identity'."
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[^70]: Keita, "Ancient Egyptian 'Origins' and 'Identity.'"
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See also Templeton, "Human Races," p. 646: "Humans
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show only modest levels of differentiation among populations when
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compared to other large-bodied mammals, and this level of
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@ -1790,7 +1790,7 @@ https://news.uchicago.edu/story/100-years-ago-georgiana-simpson-made-history-fir
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[^76]: Breasted, *A History of Egypt*, p. 25;
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Breasted, "Recovery and Decipherment," pp. 378--80.
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[^77]: Smith, 'Backwater Puritans'?, p. 4.
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[^77]: Smith, "'Backwater Puritans'?," p. 4.
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[^78]: "What the archaeological work is bringing to light, though, is
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the irrelevance of the race-based theory, as cultural identities do
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@ -1927,39 +1927,39 @@ https://news.uchicago.edu/story/100-years-ago-georgiana-simpson-made-history-fir
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pp. 6--7. But note that "there are no texts from the Egyptians or
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Kushites that present an identification scheme of peoples
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*designated by their color*" (emphasis in the original);
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Keita, "Ideas about 'Race'," p. 100. On the formal art
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Keita, "Ideas about 'Race,'" p. 100. On the formal art
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of temple and elite tomb contexts as a vehicle for the expression of
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state ideology, see Smith, *Wretched Kush*, esp. chap.
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7; Davies, *Peace in Ancient Egypt*, esp. pp. 12--13.
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[^110]: Keita, "Ideas about 'Race'," p. 110.
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[^110]: Keita, "Ideas about 'Race,'" p. 110.
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[^111]: Keita, "Ancient Egyptian 'Origins' and
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'Identity':" Keita, "Ideas about 'Race'," p. 112, 116.
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'Identity'"; Keita, "Ideas about 'Race,'" p. 112, 116.
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[^112]: See n. 59 for some articles that give examples of scholars doing
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this work in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.
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Another famous example is the work of the Senegalese scholar Cheikh
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Anta Diop. More recent examples include Ashby and
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Adodo, "Nubia as a Place of Refuge;"
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Adodo, "Nubia as a Place of Refuge";
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Buzon, Smith, and
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Simonetti, "Entanglement;" Capo Chichi,
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"On the Relationship;" Faraji, *The Roots of Nubian
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Christianity*; Gatto, "The Nubian Pastoral Culture;"
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Simonetti, "Entanglement"; Capo Chichi,
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"On the Relationship"; Faraji, *The Roots of Nubian
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Christianity*; Gatto, "The Nubian Pastoral Culture";
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Hansberry, *Pillars in Ethiopian History*;
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Hassan, "Memorabilia;" Heard,
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"Barbarians at the Gate;" Jaggs, "Maat - Iwa;"
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Keita, "Ancient Egyptian 'Origins' and 'Identity';"
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Lemos, "Beyond Cultural Entanglements;"
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Malvoisin, "Geometry and Giraffes;"
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Monroe, "Animals in the Kerma Afterlife;"
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Smith, "'Backwater Puritans'?;" Somet,
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Hassan, "Memorabilia"; Heard,
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"Barbarians at the Gate"; Jaggs, "Maat - Iwa";
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Keita, "Ancient Egyptian 'Origins' and 'Identity'";
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Lemos, "Beyond Cultural Entanglements";
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Malvoisin, "Geometry and Giraffes";
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Monroe, "Animals in the Kerma Afterlife";
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Smith, "'Backwater Puritans'?"; Somet,
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*L'Égypte ancienne*; Wengrow, "Landscapes of
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Knowledge."
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[^113]: On these issues, see Sabry, "Anti-blackness in
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Egypt;" Abd el-Gawad and Stevenson, "Egypt's Dispersed
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Heritage;" Hassan, "African Dimension."
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Egypt"; Abd el-Gawad and Stevenson, "Egypt's Dispersed
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Heritage"; Hassan, "African Dimension."
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[^114]: Washington, *Up From Slavery*, p. 149.
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